Punishment and the social control of populations are accomplished through a variety of means. How societies respond to deviant and criminal behaviour through both formal and informal social control mechanisms is a key focus of the research conducted by our Criminology faculty. Topics faculty in the Criminology program research include incarceration experiences, youth punishment, prisoner re-entry, sentencing, mass incarceration, the role of punishment in the public psyche, and the social control of corporate, financial, and white-collar crime.